Smoke-preventing furnace.



'No. 704,326. Patented July 8, I902.

I H. r. HAYDEN.

SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Application filed Mar. 3, 1902,)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 704,326. Patented July 8, I902.

H. F. HAYDEN.

SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

' Appl'zca.tion filed Mar. 3, 1902.)

(10 Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2,

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m: NORRIS PEYERS co, PHom-umu, v/Asums'rosa n cy No. 704,326. PatentedJuly 8, I902 H. F. HAYDEN. SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Application filed Mar. 3, 1902.)

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF IVASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR OFONE-THIRD TO JAMES HENRY JENNINGS, OF lVASI-IINGTON, DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIA.

SMOKE-PREVENTING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 704,326, dated July 8,1902.

Application filed March 3, 1902. Serial No. 96,438. (No model.)

To (LZZ/ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY F. HAYDEN, a citizen of the United States,residing at IVashington, in the District of Columbia, have in ventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Smoke-PreventingFurnaces3andIdohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to boiler-furnaces such as employed in generatingsteam for driving stationary or portable engines or for other purposes.

More particularly stated, the invention resides in certain peculiaritiesof construction and novel arrangement of parts whereby a maximum degreeof heat is produced by a minimum expenditure of fuel, be it anthraciteor bituminous coal, petroleum, or other combustible materials.

The chief objects of my present invention are, therefore, to secure infurnaces a most thorough and complete combustion of all gases, toprevent the formation of smoke or, as commonly expressed, to consume it,and also to increase the general eficiency or steamproducing qualitiesof boilers when heated by furnaces embodying my invention.

In the practical accomplishment of these several objects the leadingfeatures of construction may be said to embrace means for feeding fuelto furnaces after having first practically coked same; means forsupplying arrangement of an air chamber, deliveryports, and air-ductsformed in the bridge-wall for establishing a counter-current of heatedair from the ash-pit through the bridge-wall and over the fire-chamber;means for automatically introducing steam to said deliveryports forcreating the counter-currents of heated air, as aforesaid, and a systemof dampers actuated from in front of the furnace for guarding theentrance of air-ducts in the bridge-wall, all as will be hereinaftermore fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claimsfollowing.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, andwhereon corresponding letters indicate like parts in the several views,Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section through a furnaceequipped with inyimproveinents. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section above thedead-plate, gratebars, and bridge-wall, taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a front elevation of furnace, showing pipes and mechanism forautomatically introducing steam for reversing the draft. Fig. 4 is acentral transverse vertical section through furnace looking in the direction of the bridge-Wall. Fig. 5 is a zigzag vertical section, indicatedby the dotted line 5 5 on Fig. 2,looking outward against thefurnacefront. Figs. 6 and 7 are fragmentary views, the former being acentral vertical section through cam for elevating the dead-plate andthe latter a portion of one grate-bar in perspective. Figs. 8 and 9 aretransverse and longitudinal sections, respectively, through a furnacefitted with a modified form of mech anism for elevating or lowering thedeadplate; and Fig. 10 is also a modification in longitudinal section ofmechanism similar to that illustrated by Fig. 9.

Reference being had to the drawings and letters thereon, A indicates thewalls of a furnace, and B its bridge-wall, the latter located as usual,but of special construction.

0 represents the fire-chamber, D the ashpit, a a the furnace-doors, andb b the ash pit doors, the foregoing all of ordinary or of any approvedconstruction. Secured in the side walls A A at suitable points aremetallic girders c c, which bridge ash-pit D transversely and serve asthe support for gratebars E in parallel arrangement, as shown by Figs. 1and 2. The bars E each have cast upon one side a series oflaterally-projecting bosses (Z, serving to keep said bars separated andequidistant, for obvious reasons, while the single bar adjacent to theright-hand side wall of the furnace is provided with a series of bosses(Z upon both of its sides in order to separate it from said wall as Wellas its adjacent grate-bar.

At the extreme front of the furnace and in flanged thimbles F F, setinto the side walls, are trunnion-bars G G, to which is securely bolteda dead-plate H of a length substantially equal to the width of thefurnace and configured by a series of serrations 00 upon itssurface,'for purposes that will later appear.

To the inner or movable edge of dead-plate II is bolted an auxiliarygrate I, comprising angular downwardly-extending stationary grate-barsein register with the main bars E, while beneath is a rotatable shaft J,its outer end projecting through the furnace-front and its inner endthrough a supporting-girder f, fixed in the side walls A A similarly asare the girders c c. To the inner extremity of shaft J is eccentricallysecured a two-part cam K, between the members whereof are journaledfriction-rollers g, two of which latter are at all times in bearing uponthe under side of the dead-plate. The dead-plate may accordingly beelevated to the position indieated by dotted lines in Fig. 1 or loweredto the plane of the main grate-bars E, as occasion requires, by ahalf-rotation of shaft J through agency of a suitable lever L, keyed toits projecting outer end.

\Vithin the bridge-wall B is formed a V61" tical air-chamber M,communicating with the ash-pit D by means of horizontal side ducts N Nand with the firechamber 0 above by way of a series of divergingair-ports 0, also horizontally arranged and immediately beneath the topof the wall. These side ducts N N are protected at their entrance byinwardlyprojecting rectangular metallic frames n, surrounded by flaringflanges h, as best shown by Fig. 4. Upon the uppermost of such flanges his suitably hinged dampers P P, connected and controlled by across-shaft Q, this in turn controlled by an afiixed lever R and adamper-rod S, leading to and through furnacefront, where same is fittedwith a rackt' of ordinary construction for retaining said rod anddampers in a predetermined position.

At front of the furnace is a steam-pipe T, communicating with andsupplied from the boiler or any source of steam-supply. This pipe isfitted with an ordinary reductionvalvej for regulating the degree ofpressure, and with plug-valves 7c Z9, by either of which when open steammay beintroduced to pipe U.

Entering the furnace-front, as ate, said pipe U passes through ash-pitD, one of the ducts N, and thence up through air-chamber M, where itterminates in a suitably-supported horizontal delivery-pipe V, fittedwith nozzles TV in register with the air-ports O.

This being a description of my invention in its preferred form ofconstruction, it will be noted that various changes in the arrangement,construction, and combination of parts may be made and substituted forthose hereinbefore described Without departing from the spirit of myinvention. For example, modifications of mechanism for elevating andlowering the dead-plate H are illustrated by Figs. 8, 9, and 10 of thedrawings, wherein a system of levers is employed in lieu of the cam K.To the rock-shaft X of Figs. 8 9 are affixed levers K K, bearing intheir uppermost bifurcated ends friction-rollers g, the latter bearingupon the under side of the deadplate H.

At a point on shaft X intermediate of the levers K K is secureddownwardly-projecting lever Y, to which is pivotally connected apull-rod J, in turn actuated by an additional lever L, pivotally mountedupon the furnacefront. Near its outer protruding end the pull-rod J maybe perforated, as at m, for the reception of a locking-pin, which thusretains it in a predetermined position.

. The modification represented by Fig. 10 employsa lever of the thirdorder for actuating the dead-plate H same being fulcrumed in a suitablegirderf fixed in the side walls of the furnace. At itsoutwardly-projecting power end, this main lever is augmented by anadditional detachable lever L and is adapted to be locked in a depressedposition as shown by lugs m bolted to the furnacefront, beneath whichand above the depressed lever a locking-pin may be inserted.

Having thus described my invention, its use and operation may be brieflystated as follows: Presuming for purposes of illustration fire to havebeen started upon the main grate E in the usual manner, dead-plate H maynow be elevated to its normal position, where it rests upon two of thefriction-rollers g, as indicated by dotted lines on Fig. 1, by ahalf-turn of shaft J and the consequent half-rotation of cam K.Auxiliary grate I, having thus been thrown up into service, operates byagency of its downwardly-extending angular bars 6 to prevent fuelfalling into ash-pit D from the end of bars E when the dead-plate iselevated and in addition to this function performs at same time one ofeven greater importanoe-namely, that of insuring at all times an enddraft directly into and through the body of burning fuel at a pointusually devoid of draft except from below. A fresh supply of fuel maynow be thrown upon the elevated dead-plate H, its transverse serrationsa; assisting to retain same upon the inclined surface of the plate,where it is gradually heated and coked. This fuel in a highly-heatedcondition may then be readily pushed from the dead-plate by astokingimplement and distributed uniformly lot:

over the fire, during which operation, as also during the process ofcoking, the lighter gases expelled by the action of heat receive theirchemical equivalent of highly-heated oxygen through the elevatedauxiliary grate and the air-ports O in the bridge-wall B and areinstantly converted into flame and consumed. \Vhen found necessary toslice the fire, deadplate H may be quickly lowered to the plane of barsE by a reversal of the operation heretofore described. Upon openingeither furnace-door or both for the purpose of feeding fuel, slicing thefire, or for any other purpose steam is automatically admitted to pipeU, as before described and serves to induce a maximum flow of hot airfrom ash-pit D through the passages in bridge-wall B to divergingportsO.Astheresultofthisinduced current a continuous sheet of highly-heatedoxygen is forcibly. delivered from ports 0 at face of the bridge-wall inthe direction of the furnace-doors directly over the fire-chamber D forthe purpose of reversing the natural draft of the furnace, retarding thetraveling products of combustion until they are wholly consumed, andfurnishing an increased proportion of heated oxygen to assist ineffecting such complete combustion. If under the natural draft too largea proportion of heated air is conducted through the bridge-wall and overthe fire-chamber, this is conveniently regulated by partially closingair-ducts N N by aid of dampers P P, actuated from in front of thefurnace by the damper-rod 8.

Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim as new therein, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber and stationary grate-bars, of a deadplate extendingfrom wall to wall of the furnace and pivotally supported at its outeredge in said walls, and means for raising the deadplate above thehorizontal plane of the stationary grate-bars, substantially asdescribed.

2. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber and stationary grate-bars, of a deadplate extendingfrom wall to wall of the furnace and pivotally supported at its outeredge in said walls, an auxiliary grate secured to the inner edge of saiddead-plate, and means for elevating the dead-plate above the horizontalplane of the stationary grate-bars, substantially as described.

3. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber provided with stationary grate-bars, of a dead-plateextending from Wall to Wall of the furnace and pivotally supported atits outer edge in said walls, a downwardly-projecting auxiliary gratesecured to the inner edge of said dead-plate, and means for elevatingthe dead-plate above the horizontal plane of the stationary grate-bars,substantially as described.

4. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber and stationary grate-bars'of a deadplate extendingfrom wall to Wall of the furnaee and pivotally supported at its outeredge in said walls, and a cam beneath said deadplate for elevating orlowering it, a forwardlyprojecting cam-shaft, and a lever applied tosaid shaft for rotating it, substantially as described.

5. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a pivotally-supported dead-plate having a serrated surface, of asuitable cam and cam-shaft for elevating or lowering the dead-plate, anda lever applied to said shaft for rotating it, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber, of main stationary grate-bars offset from each otherby laterally-projecting side lugs, a dead-plate extending from wall towall of the furnace and pivotally supported at its outer edge in saidwalls, a downwardly-projecting detachable auxiliary grate secured to theinner movable edge of the dead-plate, and means for elevating saiddead-plate and auxiliary grate above the horizontal plane of saidstationary grate-bars, substantially as described.

7. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber, of a pivotally-supported dead-plate at the front ofsaid chamber, means for raising the dead-plate above the horizontalplane of the stationary grate-bars, and means for introducing air fromthe bridge-wall to the fire-chamber, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I subscribe my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

HENRY F. HAYDEN.

\Vitnesses:

HUGH M. STERLING, J. H. JENNINGS.

